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1978-01-03
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74 lines
"8SVX" IFF 8-Bit Sampled Voice
Date: February 7, 1985
From: Steve Hayes and Jerry Morrison, Electronic Arts
Status: Adopted
1. Introduction
This memo is the IFF supplement for FORM "8SVX". An 8SVX is an IFF
"data section" or "FORM" (which can be an IFF file or a part of one)
containing a digitally sampled audio voice consisting of 8-bit samples.
A voice can be a one-shot sound orQwith repetition and pitch scalingQa
musical instrument. "EA IFF 85" is Electronic Arts' standard interchange
file format. [See "EA IFF 85" Standard for Interchange Format Files.]
The 8SVX format is designed for playback hardware that uses 8-bit
samples attenuated by a volume control for good overall signal-to-noise
ratio. So a FORM 8SVX stores 8-bit samples and a volume level.
A similar data format (or two) will be needed for higher resolution
samples (typically 12 or 16 bits). Properly converting a high resolution
sample down to 8 bits requires one pass over the data to find the
minimum and maximum values and a second pass to scale each sample
into the range -128 through 127. So it's reasonable to store higher
resolution data in a different FORM type and convert between them.
For instruments, FORM 8SVX can record a repeating waveform optionally
preceded by a startup transient waveform. These two recorded signals
can be pre-synthesized or sampled from an acoustic instrument. For
many instruments, this representation is compact. FORM 8SVX is less
practical for an instrument whose waveform changes from cycle to cycle
like a plucked string, where a long sample is needed for accurate
results.
FORM 8SVX can store an "envelope" or "amplitude contour" to enrichen
musical notes. A future voice FORM could also store amplitude, frequency,
and filter modulations.
FORM 8SVX is geared for relatively simple musical voices, where one
waveform per octave is sufficient, where the waveforms for the different
octaves follows a factor-of-two size rule, and where one envelope
is adequate for all octaves. You could store a more general voice
as a LIST containing one or more FORMs 8SVX per octave. A future voice
FORM could go beyond one "one-shot" waveform and one "repeat" waveform
per octave.
Section 2 defines the required property sound header "VHDR", optional
properties name "NAME", copyright "(c)J", and author "AUTH", the optional
annotation data chunk "ANNO", the required data chunk "BODY", and
optional envelope chunks "ATAK" and "RLSE". These are the "standard"
chunks. Specialized chunks for private or future needs can be added
later, e.g. to hold a frequency contour or Fourier series coefficients.
The 8SVX syntax is summarized in Appendix A as a regular expression
and in Appendix B as an example box diagram. Appendix C explains the
optional Fibonacci-delta compression algorithm.
Caution: The VHDR structure Voice8Header changed since draft proposal
#4! The new structure is incompatible with the draft version.
Reference:
"EA IFF 85" Standard for Interchange Format Files describes the underlying
conventions for all IFF files.
Amiga[tm] is a trademark of Commodore-Amiga, Inc.
Electronic Arts[tm] is a trademark of Electronic Arts.
MacWrite[tm] is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.